What Are the 3 Types of Cataract Surgery? Techniques Explained

The three main types of cataract surgery are phacoemulsification (most common), extracapsular cataract extraction, and laser-assisted cataract surgery. Phacoemulsification uses ultrasound to break up the cloudy lens through a tiny incision and is used in over 95% of UK procedures. Extracapsular extraction involves a larger incision for very dense cataracts, while laser-assisted surgery uses femtosecond laser technology for enhanced precision.

Phacoemulsification is by far the most common cataract surgery performed in the UK, accounting for over 95% of procedures. This technique involves making a tiny 2-3mm incision in the cornea to access the cloudy lens.

An ultrasonic probe is inserted through the small incision and vibrates at high frequencies to break up the cataract into tiny fragments, which are then suctioned out. An intraocular lens (IOL) is folded and inserted through the same incision, unfolding inside the eye to replace your natural lens.

The small incision typically heals without stitches, and recovery is usually quick. Most patients experience improved vision within 24-48 hours, with the procedure taking 15-30 minutes per eye under local anaesthetic.

Laser-assisted cataract surgery uses femtosecond laser technology to perform several steps with enhanced precision. The laser can create corneal incisions, soften the cataract, and even correct astigmatism during the same procedure.

Detailed imaging maps your eye's characteristics, allowing the laser to be programmed for extremely precise cuts. The laser pre-softens the cataract, making removal easier, and creates perfectly positioned incisions for optimal healing.

While offering potential advantages in precision, studies show visual outcomes are generally similar to standard phacoemulsification for most patients. This technique is typically only available through private treatment and costs more than standard approaches.

The choice depends on your cataract's density and type, overall eye health, and your surgeon's assessment. Most patients are excellent candidates for standard phacoemulsification, which offers the fastest recovery and lowest complication rates.

Your surgeon will examine your eyes thoroughly and discuss which approach suits your situation. They'll consider how advanced your cataracts are, other eye conditions, and your overall health status.

You can read our complete guide to cataracts for comprehensive information about assessment.

Schedule an eye examination if you're experiencing cataract symptoms like blurred vision, glare sensitivity, or night vision difficulties. Early assessment allows your surgeon to monitor your condition and plan the most appropriate treatment approach.

Ask your surgeon about their experience with different techniques and which they recommend for your case. Don't hesitate to seek a second opinion, especially regarding laser-assisted surgery or extracapsular extraction.

All three techniques are available in the UK, though availability varies between NHS and private providers. NHS treatment typically uses standard phacoemulsification, providing excellent outcomes for most patients.

Private treatment may offer laser-assisted surgery and premium lenses. However, standard phacoemulsification provides outstanding results regardless of NHS or private treatment. The most important factor is choosing an experienced surgeon.

Select surgeons who specialise in cataract surgery, have extensive experience with different techniques, and can clearly explain your options.

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