Knee replacement surgery is a surgical procedure to replace a damaged knee joint with an artificial joint, known as a prosthesis. It is one of the most successful orthopaedic procedures, providing relief from pain and restoring function when other treatments have not been effective. Over 100,000 knee replacement surgeries are performed annually in the UK, with options available through both the NHS and private healthcare providers.

Knee replacement surgery is recommended for individuals suffering from severe osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or post-traumatic arthritis, particularly when pain significantly affects daily life, sleep, and mobility. It is considered when conservative treatments such as physiotherapy, injections, and medication no longer provide relief, and X-rays show significant joint damage. It is important not to delay surgery too long, as this can lead to further complications. Learn more about the dangers of delaying knee replacement surgery.

There are several types of knee replacement surgeries. Total knee replacement (TKR) is the most common, where the entire joint is replaced. Partial or unicompartmental knee replacement involves replacing only the damaged section of the knee, making it less invasive. Revision surgery is performed to replace a previous knee replacement. The type of surgery recommended depends on the extent of the damage and individual patient factors.

The knee replacement procedure is typically performed under general or spinal anaesthetic. During the surgery, the surgeon removes the damaged cartilage and bone, and fits metal and plastic components to form the new joint. The procedure usually takes 1-2 hours, and patients typically stay in the hospital for 1-3 days. Minimally invasive techniques are increasingly available, and modern prosthetics are designed to last 15-20 years or more.

Recovery after knee replacement surgery involves starting physiotherapy the day after surgery. Patients usually begin walking with aids within 24 hours and are typically discharged home within a few days. The first few weeks are the most challenging, as discussed in our article on the worst day after knee replacement. Driving is usually possible after 6-8 weeks. Return to work varies depending on the job, and full recovery can take 3-12 months. Patients may experience scarring, and some nerve sensations which are common. Most activities are possible after recovery, including kneeling for many patients.

All surgeries carry risks, and knee replacement is no exception. Potential complications include infection (rare, occurring in less than 1% of cases), blood clots (which can be prevented with medication and compression stockings), stiffness, nerve damage, and issues with the prosthesis. However, serious complications are uncommon, and the benefits of the surgery usually far outweigh the risks for suitable candidates. It is important to discuss any concerns with your surgeon.

The cost of private knee replacement surgery varies depending on the hospital, surgeon, and type of prosthesis used. Typically, a total knee replacement costs between £10,000 and £15,000. This price generally includes surgeon fees, hospital stay, anaesthetist, prosthesis, and follow-up care. Many hospitals offer fixed-price packages, and finance options are often available. For more detailed information, see our private knee replacement cost guide.

Self-Pay Health can help you find experienced private orthopaedic surgeons. Choosing private treatment offers benefits such as short waiting times, the ability to choose your surgeon, convenient appointment times, and access to private hospital facilities. You can search by location to find specialists near you and take the first step towards pain-free mobility.